从语用学谈反语与礼貌原则

The Relationship between Irony and Politeness Principle

语用学的一些学者(如利奇)将反语的运用归结为对礼貌原则的恪守,但不同类别的反语与礼貌原则会产生不同的关系。"反话正说"的讽刺反语,以"正"论"反",字面上尊重取悦他人,是对礼貌原则的遵从。"正话反说"的风趣反语,以形式之"反"表述内容之"正",表述形式上毫无礼貌可言,与礼貌原则相悖。本文从两种不同的反语来论述反语与礼貌原则的关系。

Some scholars of pragmatics （ such as Leach ） attribute the use of irony to its abiding to the politeness principle .But different categories of irony have difference relationships with politeness principle .The irony of “vi-cious talk is taken place by word of praise” is to describe the “cons” by the“pros”.Literally it is to respect others and observe the politeness principle .The witty irony of “word of praise is taken place by vicious talk” is to de-scribe the content of “pros” by expression of “cons”.Obviously there is no polite expression and politeness princi-ple.This paper will discuss the relationship between two different types of irony and the politeness principle .