农村学童膳食铁摄入与贫血状况的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between dietary iron intake and anemia status in rural school-age children

目的：了解农村学童膳食铁摄入现状及其对贫血状况的影响。方法：整群抽取汉川市两所农村中心小学4-6年级的515名儿童进行膳食调查和贫血筛查。结果：受检儿童膳食铁总摄入量充足,但膳食铁来源中血红素铁所占比例较低仅为6.77%,其中8-9岁儿童摄入量明显低于其他年龄组。儿童贫血检出率为22.33%,89.57%为边缘性贫血,未检出中、重度贫血,其中12-13岁儿童的检出率最高达47.12%,其次为8-9岁儿童。观察到不同贫血程度间的铁摄入量及其来源构成差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,且血红蛋白浓度与铁摄入量、血红素铁占铁总摄入量比例呈正相关,与非血红素铁占铁总摄入量比例呈负相关。结论：汉川地区农村学童膳食铁摄入不合理,且贫血率依然较高,以边缘性贫血为主。膳食铁摄入对贫血程度的分布及血红蛋白的浓度均有影响,应予以特别关注,有针对性地开展贫血的预防与干预。

Objective： To understand the current situation of dietary iron intake in rural school - age children and its impact on anemia status. Methods ： A total of 515 children （ Grade 4 - 6） were selected from two central primary schools in rural areas of Hanchuan by cluster sampling method, than dietary investigation and anemia screening were performed. Results ： The intake of dietary total iron was adequate, but the proportion of heme in dietary iron constitution was only 6. 77%, the intake of dietary total iron in 8 - 9 year - old children was significantly lower than those in the other age groups. The incidence rate of anemia was 22. 33% , 89. 57% of them were marginal anemia, middle and severe anemia was undiscovered. The detection rate of anemia in 12 - 13 - year - old children was the highest （47. 12% ）, followed by 8 - 9 year - old children. There were statistically significant differences in dietary iron intake and its source among children with different degrees of anemia （P 〈 0.05 ） . Hemoglobin concentration was positively correlated with dietary iron intake and the proportion of heme iron, and it was negatively correlated with the proportion of non -heme iron. Conclusion ： Dietary iron intake in rural school - age children in Hanchuan is unreasonable, and the prevalence rate of anemia is still high, marginal anemia is the main type. Dietary iron intake has impact on distribution of anemia degree and hemoglobin concentration, more attention should be paid to conduct prevention and intervention of anemia specifically.