过渡金属氮化物在超级电容器中的应用

The application of transition metal nitrides in supercapacitors

为了适应未来社会和环境,发展高效的储能装置成为人们非常迫切的需求。电容器能快速充放电,是很多电子元件的重要组成部分,包括从微处理器到大规模的电源。但是与电池相比,它的储存容量相对较低。为了提高能量密度,纳米材料被广泛应用于电化学超级电容器。近年来,过渡金属氮化物因具有高熔点、高硬度、高热导性、优良的导电性、好的化学稳定性、耐腐蚀和类铂的催化性能等优异的特性成为人们关注的焦点。本文综述了近几年过渡金属氮化物用于超级电容器电极材料的研究进展,着重介绍了应用较多的氮化钛和氮化钒材料,以及它们与其他材料的复合物等,最后对过渡金属氮化物电极材料的发展趋势进行了展望。

To accommodate future societal and environmental demands,the development of efficient electrical storage devices is a pressing demand. Capacitors can be charged and discharged quickly and are one of the primary building blocks for many electrical circuits,from microprocessors to largescale power supplies. However,compared with batteries,they usually have relatively low energy storage capabilities. In order to enhance the energy density,nanostructured materials with bespoke morphologies and properties have been intensively studied for application in electrochemical supercapacitors. In recent years,due to their high melting point,high hardness,high thermal conductivity,good electrical conductivity,chemical stability,corrosion resistance and platinum-like catalysis,transition metal nitrides have received much attention. This paper reviews the research progress of nitrides as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Among these transition metal nitrides,titanium nitride and vanadium nitride are widely used in supercapacitors. In order to obtain a desired capacity and stability,they have to be combined with other nitrides,carbon materials and so on. Finally,the comments on the development tendency of transition metal nitrides in supercapacitors are made.