成都市儿童青少年膳食质量评价及其与超重/肥胖的关系

Cross-sectional association between overall diet quality and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Chengdu

目的 建立并使用儿童青少年膳食指数评价成都市中小学生的膳食质量,分析膳食整体质量与超重/肥胖的关系.方法 以当前中国居民膳食指南和平衡膳食宝塔为依据,结合我国儿童饮食特点,选择12个元素构成儿童青少年膳食指数.参照平衡膳食宝塔的推荐摄入量,对成都市l 997名7～15岁儿童青少年膳食摄入状况进行评分.同时比较不同膳食质量水平的调查对象间身体成分指标——体脂百分比（PBF）、脂肪组织指数（FMI）和去脂组织指数（FFMI）的差异.结果 调查人群平均膳食指数得分为（59.36±11.50）分,其中13 ～ 15岁年龄组膳食整体质量最差.比较不同膳食质量水平组的身体成分指标,以7～9岁儿童中等膳食质量水平组的PBF最高（P=0.04）,10～12岁儿童高膳食质量水平组的FFMI最低（P=0.002）.结论 建立的膳食指数评价体系能反映儿童青少年膳食质量水平,成都市儿童青少年的膳食状况有待提高;膳食整体质量与超重/肥胖存在一定程度相关,但尚需更深入研究.

Objective To develop Chinese Children Dietary Index,the overall diet quality of children and adolescents; the association between overall diet quality and overweight/obesity among children in Chengdu.Methods Chinese Children Dietary Index was formulated based on the current Chinese Dietary Guidelines and Food Guide Pagoda for children and adolescents,consisting of 12components.1 997 children and adolescents aged 7-15 years in Chengdu were recruited and their diet quality was evaluated according to Chinese Food Guide Pagoda.Differences in percent body fat （PBF）,fat mass index （FMI）,fat-free mass index （FFMI） between 3 categories as low,moderate,and high diet quality,were tested.Results The mean Chinese Children Dietary Index score for our population was 59.36 ± 11.50.The diet quality of 13-15 years old adolescents was the worst.7-9years old children with moderate diet quality had highest PBF （P=0.04）,while 10-12 years old children with higher diet quality had the lowest FFMI （P=0.002）.Conclusion The overall diet quality of children and adolescents in Chengdu could be reflected by Chinese Children Dietary Index.There was association between overall diet quality and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents.However,this association warrants more in depth evaluation in future studies.