近红外光谱法鉴别常见海洋贝壳类中药饮片的研究

Identification of marine-derived shell TCM by near infrared spectroscopy

该研究以《中国药典》收载的5种海洋贝壳类中药饮片为研究对象,采用近红外光谱技术并结合主成分分析法研究该类饮片的鉴别。结果表明,该法能很好地区分牡蛎、石决明、珍珠母,但蛤壳与瓦楞子没有得到区分;牡蛎与其他样品在第一主成分上有明显区别,其中4 236,5 263,7 142 cm^(-1)等处载荷系数较大,提示第一主成分可能与药材中碳酸钙、水分含量等有关;蛤壳及瓦楞子与其他样品在第二主成分上有较大差异,其中5 000~4 430 cm^(-1)等处载荷对此贡献较大,提示第二主成分可能与药材中含NH,CH基团的蛋白质等有机物密切相关。分析贝壳类药材的功效与其在近红外光谱PCA分析图中分布的相关性,发现两者较为一致。蛤壳与瓦楞子均为化痰止咳药,在PCA分析图中位于相同区域;牡蛎、石决明和珍珠母同为平肝潜阳药,但石决明与珍珠母均能明目,在PCA分析图中相距较近;牡蛎具软坚散结之功,在PCA分析图中与前两者有较大差距。以上结果提示,有机质小分子是海洋贝壳类中药不可忽略的重要药效物质基础。

The identification of five marine-derived shell traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were studied. Using near infrared technology （NIR） combined with principal component analysis （PCA） methods, Ostreae Concha, Haliotidis Coneha, and Margaritifera Concha could be efficiently distinguished from Meretricis Concha together with Arcae Concha. In the first principal components, Ostreae Concha exhibited obvious differences with high loadings in 4 236, 5 263, 7 142 cm-1 concerning to the contents of CaCO3 and H20 in the samples. Arcae Coneha and Meretricis Concha displayed significant differences with others in the second principal components, which carl be illustrated by high loadings in 5 000 -4 430 cm -1 areas. It is indicated that the second principal components might be related to organics which contained NH and CH groups, for example proteins. Meanwhile, our data showed a correlation between the function of these shell TCM and their distribution in the PCA plot. These resuhs suggested that organic components in marine-derived shell TCM could not be neglected for their quality control.