段义孚人文主义地理学的哲学视野

THE PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF YI-FU TUAN'S HUMANISTIC GEOGRAPHY

段义孚的人文地理学思想,在很多方面来源于20世纪哲学的发展。本文侧重于对他影响最大的实用主义、现象学和符号学三个领域,探索这些哲学思想如何或明确或潜在地影响了他的人文地理学观念。实用主义主要启发了他"日常经验"及其连续性和关联性的关注,符号学为他阅读建筑和城市的一些地理特征关系提供了帮助。而现象学则在更深远的意义上影响了他,从他最初批判地理科学的数学化方法,到后来他对时间和知觉问题的关注,以及由此产生的地方感问题,均在现象学的视野下展开。此外,他以描述和归纳呈现一个"人"的地理经验的视野,也源自与现象学"面向事实本身"的主张。本文最后提及中国哲学和智慧对他的影响,他有效地融合了东西方的思想,使之对人文地理学的发展起到了开创性的作用。

As a humanistic geographer, Yi-fu Tuan was influenced by the development of philosophy in the 20th century very deeply. The article focuses on three fields that made big impact on his ideas： pragmatism, phenomenology and semiotics. William James, on behalf of Pragmatists, inspired his ideas on ＂everyday experience＂ with its coherence and relevance. Pragmatist ideas tend to describe the creature as an organism which unite the ＂many＂ into one that every parts are connected and interacted with each other. Tuan admits that our knowledge about geography actually originates in everyday life which varies and correlative in generating the ＂Topophilia＂. Susanne Langer provided the semiologic perspective in reading architecture and urban in the cultural background. She defined the ＂image＂（or a sign） as a visual form in our sentimental world, instead of the physical objects. Both Langer and Tuan emphasized the correspondence of the visual sign with its maternal culture in the classical civilization, and they also pointed out the correspondence has collapsed in the modern time. Phenomenology plays a more significant role in his views, which are mainly reflected not only in the critique on the ＂digitalized methods＂ in geographical science, but his core concept ＂sense of place＂ with his concerns on the issues of time and human perception. Thus, his main task in humanistic geography is how to shift the study of pure space into ＂Place＂ with thick humanistic characteristics. Within his research, the idea of ＂home＂, enlightened by Gaston Bachelard, locates in the core of both the cosmological construction and human spirit. Furthermore, the way of description and induction he employs to present the human experience derives from phonological assumption. The article at last mentions his connection with Chinese wisdom, and tend to demonstrate that his blending of eastern and western thoughts have made effects on his creative and original theory in humanistic geography.