吉林省人口密度空间格局演变及其形成机制

EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMING MECHANISM OF POPULATION DENSITY SPATIAL PATTERN IN JILIN PROVINCE

本文运用集中指数、趋势面分析和空间自相关等方法对1990年代以来吉林省49个行政单元的人口密度空间格局演化及其形成机制进行分析。结果表明:吉林省人口密度以集中式发展为主,在空间上呈现"中间高,两边低"的纵向分布特点;2000年以来人口密度空间分布不均衡性进一步加剧,是吉林省人口密度空间格局变化的转折点。吉林省人口密度空间格局演变机制主要缘于自然环境、经济发展水平、交通格局、政策因素和历史基础等方面。

The study on regional population evolution is helpful to reveal the rule of population distribution and is important for making reasonable population development policy, urban planning and the regional sustainable development. Taking Jilin Province, one of the old industrial bases in China, as a case, this paper describes the evolving characteristics and forming mechanism of the population density spatial pattern on county level from1990 to 2010.Based on population census data, it pinpoints the evolution characteristics and spa- tial pattern of population density in Jilin Province through the spatial autocorrelation analysis, index of population concentration, and trend analysis. It shows that the population density of Jilin Province has ＂middle- high and wings-low＂ feature, and the population growth of Jilin Province is always in centralized and longitu- dinal pattern. Meanwhile the differences of the spatial pattern of population density are huge, 57.2% districts＇ spatial patterns of population density has changed over the last 20 years. The trend changes from that assem- bling on the ＂single-core＂, viz. Changchun city, to that assembling on ＂multi-cores＂, viz. the prefecture-level cities. Another worthy characteristics that the ability of gathering people of west area becomes stronger than that of the east since the year 2000. Natural environment and historical foundations direct influencing factors that accelerate the spatial unbalanced distribution of population. Flat regions with less disasters and comfortable climate are always the first option to be settled. Economic development, policies and city reconstruction are also play important roles in centralizing people to well-developed districts. Economy is the engine of the population growth and decisive factor that influencing the population distribution, policies and city reconstruction are the crucial factors that influencing the advancement of cities＇ function and effecting the population distribution indirectly. In the meantime, all the factors interrelate and interact with each other.