中国古代渔业管理实践及其启示

Ancient China Fishery Management Practices and Its Implications

现存的中国史料典籍中,上至传说时期的尧舜禹时期下至封建社会的各个阶段,关于渔业资源养护和利用的文字记载颇为丰富。归纳总结,主要有虞官设置、时禁制度、渔业税、渔具渔法、鱼类尺寸等方面的管理规定。中国古人在渔业管理实践中所蕴含的管理智慧,尤其是生态智慧,时至今日都有极强的理论和应用价值。现代渔业危机,甚至其他环境问题的解决,亦需要从先人实践经验中寻求支持帮助。可以从转变立法理念、严格遵循生态规律、保障人类本能环境利用行为,限制超越极限的资源开发利用行为等方面对现代渔业管理制度加以改进和完善。

Fishing is the earliest production activities in human history.China is a big country in fishery field.Fisheries development in China has a long history.Before far-farming civilization,it had appeared,and accumulated experience in the lengthy development process.In Chinese ancient historical documents,literature is quite abundant about fishery re-sources conservation and utilization.After conclusion,it mainly includes：set YU mechanisms,closed seasons,fisheries tax,fishing gear and methods,fish size management,Etc.The ancients Chinese’s management wisdom,especially ecolog-ical wisdom,today,has a strong theoretical and practical value.Solving fisheries problems needs to seek support and assis-tance from the practical experience of their ancestors.By changing the legal philosophy,strictly following the law of ecolo-gy,protecting environment using behavior of human instinct,limiting the behavior about development and utilization of re-sources beyond the resource limits,and other aspects,we can improve and perfect the modern fisheries management sys-tem.