从范式视角看哈贝马斯传统理性观批判的成就与问题

A Review of the Achievements and Problems of Habermas' s Traditional Rationality Notion Critique from the Perspective of Paradigm

在哈贝马斯的理性类型学中传统理性观是一种追求普遍性、必然性和永恒性的理性,它的范式缺陷是远离生活世界,脱离人的言行和具体的社会生活,属于一种"逻各斯中心主义"理性。哈贝马斯对此理性观的批判建立在他的回归生活世界的范式转换之上。回归生活世界是他的哲学范式的"源头活水"和对传统理性观批判的范式尺度。然而,若与马克思的回归社会现实相比较,哈贝马斯的回归却是一种普遍语用学的回归,他的交往理性的根须并没有扎进现实的生活世界的土壤之中。他的"范式自觉"帮助他在语言哲学主体间性的范式轨道上推进了理性,但他的范式的形式主义停留使他的理性重建仍然属于马克思所批判的观念革命。

In Habermas＇ s Typology of Rationality, the Notion of Traditional Rationality is one that pursuing universality,necessity and eternity, and its paradigm disadvantage is the alienation from life world, human speech act and concrete social life,being a type of ＂logocentrism＂ rationality. Habermas＇ s critique of the rationality notion is based upon the paradigm shift of returning to life world, which is the source of his philosophy paradigm and paradigm measure of criticizing traditional rationality notion. However, as compared with Marx＇s returning to social reality, his returning is one of universal pragmatics. The root of his communicative rationality does not enter the soil of real life world. His ＂paradigm awareness＂ helps him to evolve rationality on the track of the intersubjectivity of language philosophy, whereas his paradigm formalism stay makes his rationality reconstruction remain an ideological revolution criticized by Marx.