社会困境问题的理论架构与实验研究

Social Dilemmas:Theoretical Framework and Experimental Research

社会困境是指个体理性导致集体非理性这样的情境。社会困境研究的推进要求一个新的框架来理解已有理论,这一框架将这些理论区分为宏观、中观和微观三个层面。实验研究依据这些不同层面的理论,以实验游戏为工具来探讨人们在面临社会困境时做出选择的心理机制及其影响因素,从而对社会困境问题发展出相应的问题解决路径。理论的发展、实验任务本身的改进以及研究的外在效度预示了通过实验方法来研究社会困境问题有着广阔的前景。

Social dilemmas are situations in which individual rationality leads to collective irrationality.Advances in research for social dilemmas require a new kind of micro–meso–macro framework for understanding already existing theories.Based on these different theories,experimental research uses games as tasks to investigate basic psychological processes or to study the structural or environmental factors that influence individuals＇ behavioral choice in social dilemmas,and thus develops corresponding solutions to social dilemmas.Development of theory,improvement of experimental tasks,and experimental external validity all indicate prospects for future social dilemmas research via experimental methods.