村民传统认知对滇东法土林场森林及其管理的影响

Effect of the Traditional Cognition on the Forest and Management of Fatu Forest-farm in Eastern Yunnan Province

为分析村民传统认知对森林及其管理的影响,本研究采用野外调查与ECognition,ArcGIS技术相结合的方法,解译1970年和2010年滇东法土林场的遥感影像,绘制土地利用状况并进行比较;同时,采用参与性农村评估方法,于2012年12月至2014年4月对法土林场25个自然村寨432位村民进行访问调查。结果表明:(1)与1970年相比,2010年的森林面积从13359 hm2增加到34672 hm2,增加了152%,占现有土地面积的61.7%;耕地面积从46591 hm2减少到12203 hm2,减少了74%,占现有土地面积的21.7%;(2)68.5%的村民在造林初期自愿贡献土地植树,目前仍有88.6%的受访者不会因政策的改变而伐木,且84.9%的受访者支持通过开展乡村旅游的方式来发展当地经济;(3)村民的年龄、性别、民族和文化程度等社会因素和认知因素均影响对森林保护和林场管理的认知。可见,法土林场的形成和发展是基于当地村民的自觉认知和行动,森林的管理需要增加农民的自主管理权,将森林保护和村寨发展相结合,弘扬爱护森林的传统文化。

For the analysis of Villagers＇ traditional cognition effect on forest and its management, based on the field investigation and ECognition, ArcGIS software, remote sensing image interpretation of Fatu in 1970 and 2010, we drew the land use condition and compared it; meanwhile, applied the PRA method to interview 432 villagers of 25 natural villages from 2012 December to 2014 April. The results indicated that （1） Compared with 1970, the land use changed in 2010, the forest area increased from 13 359 hm2 to 34 672 hm2, increased by 152% , accounting for the existing land area 61.7% ; cultivated land area decreased from 46 591 hm2 to 12 203 hm2, reduced by 74% , accounting for the existing land area 21.7 %. （2） 68.5% of the surveyed villagers contributed farmland to plant trees in the early days; with the policy changing, there are still 88.6% who will not lumbering, and 84. 9% who support to develop local economic through the development of rural tourism way . （3） Social factors, such as age, gender, the ethnic and cultural level, and cognitive factors have influence on the forest protection and management cognition. Therefore, the development and formation of Fatu are based on the local villagers＇ conscious perception and actions, effective forest management needs to enhance the autonomous management of farmers, combine forest protection and village development, and carry forward the protection forest of traditional culture.