雉鸡微卫星DNA标记筛选及孔雀绿雉鸡群体遗传变异分析

Screening of Microsatellite DNA Markers and Genetic Variation Analysis for Malachite Green Pheasants

利用33个家鸡微卫星DNA标记对孔雀绿雉鸡基因组DNA进行种间扩增,筛选可用于雉鸡群体分析的遗传标记.共筛选出能扩增出特异性条带的7对引物,具有较丰富的多态性,分别是MCW0294,MCW0285,MCW0328,MCW0134,MCW0330,MCW0097,LEI0075.利用这7个遗传标记对孔雀绿雉鸡选育的母本群体（P）——美国七彩山鸡及其F3和F8群体进行群体变异检测.结果表明：各基因座位的等位基因数为2～4个;P,F3和F8群体平均期望杂合度分别为0.52,0.59,0.53,平均多态信息含量分别为0.438 8,0.505 2,0.461 2;F8与P群体Nei氏遗传距离为0.015 8,与F3群体之间Nei氏遗传距离为0.123 4.结果显示孔雀绿雉鸡F8群体与美国七彩山鸡亲缘关系更近,血统较纯,说明选育有一定效果.

In the present study, 33 chicken microsatellite DNA markers were used to amplify interspecifically the genomic DNA of malachite green pheasant for screening the genetic markers that can be used to conduct the pheasant analysis of population genetics. A total of 7 selected primer pairs could amplify clear specific bands, with the rich polymorphisms. They were the locus MCW0294, MCW0285, MCW0328, MCW0134, MCW0330, MCW0097 and LEI0075. Then, the population variation of female parent pheasants （P） -the United States pheasant and the Fz and Fs of malachite green pheasant breeding populations were investigated using the 7 genetic markers. The results showed that the number of alleles at each locus was from 2 to 4. The average expected heterozygosity corresponding for P, F3 and Fs populations were 0. 52, 0. 59 and 0. 53, respectively and the average polymorphism information contents were 0. 438 8, 0. 505 2 and 0. 461 2, respectively. The Nei＇s genetic distance between the F8 and P was 0. 015 8, and between Fs and F3 was 0. 123 4. These results revealed the Fs population of malachite green pheasants had a closer relationship with the American pheasants than with the Fz and had a relatively purer blood than that of the F3 , which indicated that the breeding had some effects.