藏马低氧适应的血液生理指标研究

Study on Blood Physiological Indicators of Adaptation to Hypoxia in Tibet Horse

本研究以藏马为低氧适应的模式动物,选择迪庆藏马（海拔≥3 000 m）、丽江马（海拔＞2000～3 000 m）、昭通马（海拔＞1 000 ～2 000m）和德宏马（海拔≤1 000 m以下）4个连续海拔梯度上分布的成年母马,进行7项与氧气结合、运输相关的血液生理指标和血液黏稠度的检测及比较.结果显示：藏马的血红蛋白质量浓度[HGB,（140.03±18.49） g/L]、红细胞压积[HCT,（40.79±4.35）％]平均红细胞体积[MCV,（51.26±3.47） fL]、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量[MCH,（17.51 ±1.56） pg]、平均红细胞血红蛋白质量浓度[MCHC,（342.72 ±24.93） g/L]都极显著高于低海拔马（P＜0.01）;不同海拔的马,除红细胞聚集指数和红细胞聚集系外,其血液黏稠度各项指标均显示出极显著差异（P＜0.01）,且随着海拔的逐级升高而变化;红细胞内黏度随海拔升高显著增加,血液流阻在正常范围内,随着海拔的升高并没有增强阻力,全血高切相对指数和全血低切相对指数较低,说明在一定程度上红细胞的变形性增强,从而提高了在微细血管中的游动能力.

We took Tibetan horses as the hypoxia adaptation model animals, chose four kinds of adult female horse including Diqing Tibetan horses （altitude ≤3 000 m）, Lijiang horse （altitude 〉 2 000 3 000 m）, Zhaotong horses （ altitude 〉 1 000 - 2 000 m） and Dehong horses （ ≤ 1 000 m）, which distributed on different continuous altitude gradients, to test the blood physiological indexes and blood viscosity, and detected seven blood physiological indexes and blood viscosity which related to the combine and transport with oxygen. The results showed that Diqing Tibet horse had higher HGB [ （ 140.03 ±18.49） g/L], HCTE（40.79±4.35）%], MCV[（51.26±3.47） fL], MCH [ （17. 51±1. 56） pg ] and MCHC [ （342.72 ±24. 93） g/L] than the other breeds, and there were extremely significant difference with them （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Each index of horse blood viscosity in different altitudes showed significant difference （P 〈 0. 01 ）, except the red blood cell aggregation index and erythrocyte aggregation, and as the altitude increased step by step of different variations. The viscosity within red blood cells increased with altitude increasing significantly, the blood flow resistance was within the normal range, did not rise with altitude increasing, whole blood high shear relative index and whole blood low shear relative index were low, that to some extent, the erythrocyte deformability increased, so as to improve the ability to swim in imperceptible blood-vessel.