滇中高原不同林龄云南松林土壤理化性质研究

Study on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Forest Age of Pinus yunnanensis Forest in Central Yunnan Plateau

以人工林为对照,对不同林龄云南松（Pinus yunnanensis）次生林的土壤理化性质进行了对比研究.结果表明：（1）与林龄20年的人工林相比,次生林的各项土壤理化指标均优于人工林（P＜0.05）;（2）中龄次生林的土壤容重最小、土壤自然含水量最大;（3）中龄次生林的土壤pH值最小,土壤全氮、全磷质量分数以及表层有机质质量分数最高;3个林龄次生林在0 ～ 20 cm层的全钾质量分数相差较小,而＞20 ～ 60 em层的全钾质量分数以中龄林为最高;（4）土壤pH值与有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾质量分数之间存在极显著的负相关关系（P＜0.01）;而有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾质量分数两两之间存在极显著的正相关关系（P＜0.01）.可见,在当地云南松林的可持续经营与管理过程中,应当营造以中龄次生林为主的经营模式,同时注意利用土壤理化性质之间的关系进行最优化管理.

Took plantation as the control, studied on the soil physical and chemical properties of Pinus yunnartertsis secondary forest in different forest ages. The results showed that： （1） Compared with the plantation at 20 years, soil physical and chemical properties of secondary forest were significantly superior （P 〈 0. 05 ）. （2） Middle-aged secondary forest had the smallest soil bulk density and largest soil natural water content. （3） Middle-aged secondary forest had the smallest soil pH value, and the highest total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and soil organic matter in the 0 -20 cm soil layer. The total potassium contents in the 0 - 20 cm soil layer were similar in three types of secondary forest, but the middle-aged secondary forest in the 〉 20 -60 cm soil layer had the tallest total potassium content （P 〈0.01）. （4） There was an extremely significant negative correlation （P 〈0.01） among pH value, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content; while an extremely significant positive correlation among soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content （P 〈0. 01 ）. It was showed that in the sustainable management and local management process of Yunnan pine forest, should give priority to middle-aged secondary forest, at the same time use the relation between the soil physical and chemical properties to optimize the management.