从《朝鲜赋》和《交南赋》看明代文人的颂美意识

Consciousness of Praise by writers of Ming Dynasty from Korean Fu and Fu of Vietnam

明代在赋史上首次出现描写外国的赋,即董越的《朝鲜赋》和湛若水的《交南赋》。两赋在对古代朝鲜、越南的风土人情的细致描写中,表现出了明代文人强烈的颂美意识。颂美意识在各类文学作品尤其是辞赋中是一种重要的创作倾向,董越与湛若水的独特之处就在于其以他国之见闻鸣本国之强盛的写作方法,从另一种角度体现了"宣上德而尽忠孝"和"抒下情而通讽喻"的传统创作观,让我们对古代文人辞赋创作中的颂美意识有了新的认识。

The description about foreign countries is found initially in Fu of Ming dynasty,like Korean Fu by Dong Yue and Fu ofViet-nam by Chen Ruoshui.Both of them show the high praise from the contemporary writers with the detailed description about the local customs in ancient Korea and Vietnam.The praise is an important trend in various literary works,especially in Fu.The specialties of Dong and Chen are the showing of prosperity of their own country on the basis of the description about the foreign countries,and the showing of the traditional creation with the avocation of virtue,loyalty lyricism and satire so as to give readers new recognition to the praise in ancient Fu creation.