空间隐喻与现代汉语中“上/下”的隐喻义

Space Metaphor and Metaphoric Meaning of Up and Down in Modern Chinese

空间隐喻是始源域向目标域或其他认知域进行映射,进而获得引申义或抽象意义的认知过程。虽然生活在不同的语言文化中,但人们会使用相同的空间词汇来描述抽象概念。汉语中垂直性空间隐喻语言(上/下)的出现频率非常高,它们和英语有着非常一致的对应映射。汉语中的"上/下"是表达空间关系的最常用的一对多义词,它们表达了时间、社会等级、主观优劣等隐喻义。

Space metaphor has space concept as the source domain, and map to the other cognitive domain or target domain. In different vultures or languages, people tend to use the same space words to describe abstract concepts. In Chinese, vertical space metaphor words （up/down） appear with high frequency. They have the same mapping as in English. In Chinese, up/down are a pair which is the most commonly used to express space relations, expressing time, social rank, subjective judgments about good or bad, etc.