警察用枪的自由裁量权及其原则规制

The Discretion of Police with Guns and Its Principle of Regulation

随着社会治安的日益严峻和公安警察"打击犯罪,维护社会秩序"的职能的深化,警察权有进一步扩张和泛化的趋势,突出表现在警察使用枪支警械的法律问题上。但是由于警察实务的特殊性,执行任务中涉及的权利义务的复杂性和敏感性,使得警务实践中类似"广西警察打死孕妇案"等滥用枪支恶性案件的频发。这种枪械使用制度上的缺失使得实务中只能由警察自由裁量是否用枪来弥补立法上的缺陷,然而这就相应地带来了关于警察用枪的自由裁量权问题。本文笔者将通过对警察用枪问题的分析,探讨警察正确行使用枪的自由裁量权的相关内容,并贯彻规制自由裁量权行使的原则性理论,以期最大限度地实现警察用枪的合法化和合理化。

As the social security is becoming increasingly severe and the police function is deepening in ＂fighting crime and maintaining social order＂, the police＇s rights tend to further extend and generalize, especially in the legal issues regarding the police use of firearms. However, the particularity of police practice, the complexity and sensitivity of the rights and obligations to execute missions makes it frequent in malignant cases related to gun abuse, such as ＂A Guangxi policeman killed a pregnant woman＂ The lack of firearms use system makes it within the police discretion to use guns, which makes up for the defect of legislation and correspondingly raises the question about the discretion of the police with guns. Based on analyzing the problems of the police with guns, this paper explores the right way for the police to exercise discretion to use guns, and implements principle theories to regulate discretion in order to maximize the legalization and rationalization for the police to use guns.