性别和体重对越野运动员无氧功率及其与身体成分关系的影响

Influence of Gender,Body Weight on Anaerobic Power and Relation between Body Composition and Anaerobic Power in Cross-Country Athletes

目的:探索性别、体重及身体成分对越野运动员无氧功率的影响。方法:40名越野运动员志愿参加此次研究,其中女性21人,男性19人。分别进行人体测量学测试、身体成分测试和无氧功率测试。其中身体成分采用双能吸收法测试(DXA),无氧功率测试在Monark(894E)上完成,对抗的负荷为受试者体重×0.075kg。结果:两组间在身高和体重方面存在显著差异(P=0.000),男运动员肌肉含量显著高于女运动员(P=0.000),脂肪百分比显著低于女运动员(P=0.000);在前5秒功率、最大功率、平均功率和最小功率方面,男运动员显著高于女性(分别为P=0.015,P=0.002,P=0.000,P=0.019);全身肌肉含量对无氧功率的影响大于性别。性别因素没有影响下肢肌肉与平均功率的关系,显著影响了与前5秒功率、最大功率和最小功率的关系。结论:在性别、身高、体重和全身肌肉以及脂肪百分比这些指标中,对无氧功率影响最大的是全身肌肉,性别因素对平均功率有显著影响,且全身肌肉的影响大于性别因素的影响,身高和体重对无氧功率没有显著影响。性别因素没有影响下肢肌肉含量与无氧功率之间的关系。

Objective： To explore the influence of gender, body weight and body composition on anaerobic power of cross-country athletes. Methods： 40 cross-country athletes volunteers for the study, including 21 female, 19 male. Anthropometric testing, body composition testing and anaerobic power tests are carried out respectively. Body composition tests are conducted by dual energy absorption test （DXA） ; anaerobic power tests are completed by Monark （894E） （ resistance load is the subject＇ s body weight × 0. 075 kg. ） Results： there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of height and weight （P= 0. 000）, male athlete muscle content is significantly higher than female athletes （P=0. 000）, fat percentage is significantly lower than female athletes （P=0. 000） ; in the first five seconds, the male athletes＇ indicators are significantly higher than female in terms of power, maximum power, average and minimum power （respectively, P=0. 015, P=0. 002, P=O. 000, P=0. 019）; the influence of muscle content on anaerobic power is greater than the influence of gender. Gender does not affect the relationship between the average power and the lower limb muscles but significantly affect the relationship between power, maximum power and minimum power in the first 5 seconds. Conclusion： in all the indicators including gender, height, weight, body fat and muscle percentage, it is body muscle that has the greatest influence on anaerobic power. Gender factors have a significant influence on the average power, and body muscle＇s influence is greater than gender factors. Height and body weight do not have significant influence on anaerobic power. Gender factors do not have influence on the relationship between lower limb muscle content and anaerobic power.