官府与寺僧:宋元明公益活动的历史书写——以闽南为中心的考察

The Government and Buddhists: Historical Writing of South Fujian Public Welfare Activities in the Song,Yuan and Ming Dynasties

存世资料显示,宋元明历史时期的闽南,参与公益活动的社会群体,最显著者乃寺僧。他们持续积极投入其中,但更多显现为在官方主导下进行,从中可见闽南地方社会的多元立体面相。在各个社会群体的参与互动下,公益活动的蓬勃发展,昭显出地方社会的良性运行。然而,相关文献遮蔽的孔隙中又显现出,寺僧参与社会公益具有主导性、私利性。官方主导的话语表露,有着更多的历史隐情。追索历史记忆的书写与存世状况可见,僧寺以其雄厚的财力和影响力持续参与社会公益,却难以与官府、儒士群体力量的壮大与历史书写的增多相比,话语权的拥有导致了官府为主导更多参与其中这一历史面相的呈现。

As indicated in the existing data,Buddhists were one of crucial groups involved in the government-led public welfare activities in south Fujian in the Song,Yuan and Ming dynasties. Those participation and interaction among different communities manifested the virtuous operation of local society. However,the dominance and self-interest of Buddhists' behavior also existed and they were presented by sheltered interspace of relevant documents under the discussion of the transition of the dynasties. In fact,in terms of the discourse of government's dominance,it had historical hidden factors. No temples' widening participation based on abundant wealth and influence can compare with the growth of scholars and increase of historical writings. In brief,the authority of discourse leads to historical presentation.