不同流通模式下农产品流通成本构成与利润分配——基于漳州香蕉的实证研究

Circulation Cost Construction and Profit Distribution in Different Circulation Modes of Agricultural Products——an Empirical Research Based on Zhangzhou Banana

调查香蕉从蕉农到消费者过程中收购、批发、零售等环节发生的成本和利润分配可以发现,"农户+蕉农自销型流动摊点+消费者"模式流通成本最低,"农户+第三方物流+超市+消费者"模式流通利润最高,而规模大小、流通环节多寡、流动摊点管制等是影响流通成本非常重要的几个因素,其中流通过程中的专用资产投入是提升流通利润的关键。为更好地降低流通成本,提高流通利润,在生产环节,应当借助专业合作社帮助农户扩大生产规模,从而有效降低单位生产成本;在中间环节,应当扶持第三方物流加大专用资产投入,从而提升香蕉品质,拉长香蕉保鲜时间,进而提高议价能力,以便择机进入市场,避免价格波动;在销售环节,应当重点扶持超市扩大生鲜果蔬销售量,减免相关税费,减少对流动摊点的管制,扩充蕉农销售渠道,让农民分享流通环节增值。

In the paper,Tianbao banana produced and marketed in Zhangzhou was selected as the research object. Throughthe in- depth interview of the circulation subjects in different circulation modes the authors investigated the cost and profitdistribution of banana in the process of purchase,wholesale,retail sales and from the banana farmers to consumers. It was foundthat the circulation cost of the mode ＂farmers ＋ farmers sales stalls ＋ consumer＂ was the minimum;the circulation profit of themode ＂farmers ＋ third party logistics ＋ supermarket ＋ consumer＂ was the maximum. It was also found that the size of thecirculation,the number of circulation links and mobile stalls circulation control were important factors affecting circulation cost,while the key to improve the circulation profits is the input of special assets in the circulation process. Therefore,the paperproposed that circulation cost should be reduced and profits should be raised by helping farmers to expand the scale throughprofessional cooperatives in the production link,supporting the third party logistics and increasing the investment of specificassets in the middle link,reducing or relieving tax in the supermarket sales and reducing the mobile stalls controls and othermeasures.