中国古代管理哲学与西方现代管理理论的差异及互鉴

The Differences and the Mutual Learning Directions between Ancient Chinese Management Philosophies and Western Modern Management Theories

中国古代管理哲学与西方现代管理理论的差异和优劣势主要体现在管理的基本价值观、基本思维方式、管理主体和客体、主要目标、权力基础、基本管理方式以及管理创新特征等方面。双方相互借鉴的主要方向是:中国应借鉴西方保护个体利益并重视公平竞争和激励、追求标准化的科学管理、强调经济效益和效率、强调民主与"法治"、鼓励创新并保护创新成果等思想中的合理成分,以及西方在领导理论和工商管理领域的有益成果;西方应借鉴中国的人本论、整体观、系统观和权变观、"中庸之道"、"修己安人"、"和为贵"、世界"大同"、民本论、"道治"、"德治"和"智治"等管理思想中的合理成分,以及在伦理管理、国家管理和军事管理等领域的有益成果。

The differences,strengths and weaknesses between ancient Chinese management philosophies and Western modern management theories are mainly reflected in basic values of management,basic mode of thinking,management subject and objects,main goals of management,power base,basic management mode and characteristics of management innovation,etc.The main directions for both sides to draw lessons from each other are:China should draw lessons from the west in protecting the interests of entities and paying attention to fair competition and incentive,pursuing standardized behaviors of scientific management,emphasizing the economic benefits and efficiency,emphasizing democracy and'rule by law',encouraging innovation and protecting innovation achievements,as well as beneficial results in western leadership theories and the field of business administration.On the other hand,western should draw lessons from China in the reasonable essence of management thoughts of people-oriented view,overall view,system view and contingency view,'the golden mean','self-discipline and stabilizing others','harmony is most precious','the realm of Great Harmony',people-centered theory,'rule by Tao','rule by virtue'and 'rule by wisdom',as well as beneficial results in China's management thoughts of ethical management,state management and military management,etc.