1J.J.M. de Groot, The Religious System of China, 6vols. Leyden, 1802-1910.
2Wilhelm Grube, Religion und Kultas der Chinesen, Leipzig, 1910, 第162页.
3C.K.Yang. "The Functiona! Relationship Between Confucian Thought and Chinese Religion",载John K.Fairbank, Chinese Thought and Institutions, Chicago, 1057, 第287页.