论十八世纪前期英国的地主和资产阶级

On the British Landlord Class and Bourgeoisie in the Early 18th Century

一 十八世纪前期的英国“有着迷人的魅力，是古老英国的最后一个阶段，是坚定、平稳、乡村化的英国，是巨大工业发明前的最后一个阶段。总之，这是英国工业革命前一次喘息”。 这一时期土地仍是英国社会财富的基础，土地出产生活必需品和大多数原料，大多数英国人也以务农为业。按照当时英国人的观念，土地比银行家的金钱有形，比商人的贸易活动稳定，比工场主的机器有价值。

In the early 18th century land was still the base of the British wealth. According to mode of production, the British landlords were divided into capitalist landlords and feudal landlords. The bourgeoisie consisted of financiers, businessmen and workshorp owners. The financiers took an active part in politics. The businessmen always put forward their own demands of enlarging commerce against the peace policy of the government. The capitalist landlords possessed the dominant economic power and enjoyed the high prestige in government. Declining in economy, the feudal landlords felt very dissatisfied with the government and financiers. In the struggle of the businessmen opposing the economic policy of the government, the feudal landlords also safeguarded businessmen interests for political alliance. Entering into an alliance with the feudal landlords, the businessmen conflicted with the capitalist landlords and financiers.