论乔治三世个人统治

On the Personal Rule of George Ⅲ

十八世纪五、六十年代，英国进入一个历史转折时期。工业革命使英国从农业国向工业国发展，整个社会均随之发生重大变化，主要社会力量之间的斗争错综复杂，日趋激烈。在此历史背景之下，乔治三世个人统治（1761—1782）应运而生。它的形成与倒台集中地反映出英国社会在工业革命初期的主要矛盾和重大斗争，对当时的英国历史发展和英国近代政治制度的演变具有重大影响。

The essay elucidates the basic development of the personal rule of George Ⅲ（1760-82）. The essay points out that： （1） the personal rule was the focus of the main social contradiction and the class conflicts during the early period of the Industrial Revolution in England; （2） the main social contradiction was between the middle classes demanding the democratic political reforms and the conservative and obstinate aristocrat-landlord classes; （3） the personal rule,collapsed in the crises both at home and abroad, therefore, the parliamentary constitutional monarchy and the modern party system were solidified and the radicalism movement rose. All of these results were helpful to the developments of the democratic politics and the Industrial Revolution in England.