罗蒂陶冶哲学述评

On Rorty＇s Edifying Philosophy

西方哲学于世纪之交经过“语言学的转折”而进入所谓“分析的时代”。然其主流自战后以来颇遭非议。其中罗蒂教授乃是反传统哲学的年青哲学家。他对近代的笛卡尔、洛克、康德到现代的罗素和胡塞尔为代表的西方传统哲学进行了重新的理解和批判。罗蒂指出：传统哲学以“奠定知识基础”为己任将心灵视为反映实在的镜子，知识则是对实在的反映加以精确化、系统化。而哲学的工作就在于对获得知识的方法进行研究。罗蒂认为并不存在着一种给其它文化以合法性和基础的包罗万象的原则，人们对知识、道德、语言和社会基础进行的研究只是某个历史时期的“语言游戏”、社会实践和人类自我形象。他主张应放弃思想（语言）与实在相符的思想、放弃哲学是纯粹性的法庭的思想。代之传统哲学的是一种陶冶性情，娱乐人生的享受哲学。

Western philosophy went through ＂Linguistic Turns＂ between the late 19th century and the early 20th century, which was called ＂the Analytic Age＂. But the main trend has been talked of disparagingly since World War Ⅱ. Prof. Retry is one of the young philosophers who are against the traditional philosophy. He made reunderstanding and recriticism of the traditional philosophy represented by Descartes, Lockep Russell and Husserl. He pointed out that the traditional philosophy took founding of a basis of knowledge as its task, mind as a mirror reflecting reality, knowledge as a systematized refliection of reality. Philosophical work consists only in the study of the acquisition of knowledge and the ways of the acquisition. Prof.Rorty thought there is not a universal principle in philosophy which provides a basis and validity for other branches of culture. He argued against the idea that thought （or language） must be in agreement with reality and advocated that we should give up the idea that philosophy is the court of pure reason. Therefore we now need an edifying philosophy instead of the western traditional philosophy.