文字改革和电子计算机

CHINESE CHARACTER REFORM AND COMPUTERIZATION

本文简单地讨论了中国的文字改革问题及其与中文电子计算机处理的关系。文字改革有三项任务。第一项是简化和整理现代汉语用字，实现“四定”（定量、定形、定音、定序）。这样标准化了的汉字给汉字编码提供了基础，便利汉字通过编码输入电子计算机。第二项是推行1958年公布的汉语拼音方案。汉语拼音已经成为拼写中国地名的国际标准，并且即将成为在文献工作中拼写汉语的国际标准。汉语拼音可以代替汉字直接输入输出电子计算机。中国某些研究所的试用已经取得了满意的效果。第三项任务是推广普通话，也就是标准的现代汉语。这将使汉语作为自然语言能够直接应用于有听觉功能的电子计算机设备。文字改革的三项任务都是中国进入电子计算机时代的必要条件。

The problems of Chinese character reform and their relationship to computerization are briefly discussed in this paper There are three tasks of the rcform. First, to simplify and collate Chincse characters in modern age so that they are constrained in four ways （in quantity, in form, in pronunciation and in order）. Chinese words thus standardized will serve＇as the basis for character codification to facilitate their input onto computers. Second,to promulgate the phonetic spelling system of chinese wordsannounceed in 1958. Since then, it has become the international standard for the spelling of Chinese geographical names,and will also be so for the spelling of Chinese words in all fields including documentation. If can,therefore,be used directly for computer input and output, and some research institutes in China have done so with satisfactory results. Third, to popularize Putonghua, the standard modern Chinese speech. This makes it possible to use the Chinese speech as a naturnal language directly on computers with auditory functions. The three tasks of the Chinese character reform are all necessary conditions for China to enter the age of computerization.