宗教批判也是马克思批判思想的前提吗?——兼论马克思恩格斯宗教观的特点

Is Critique of Religion the Requisite of Marx's Theory?

上世纪80年代初，我国发生了被人戏称为“思想界鸦片战争”的争论，思想界围绕宗教本质能否被定义为“人民的鸦片”的问题展开争论。（参见王冬丽）这场争论对当时拨乱反正的思想解放运动和贯彻落实党的宗教政策起到了积极的推动作用。30年后的今天，在马克思主义宣传一片“繁荣”的形势下，有必要在上次争论成果的基础上，深入细致地思考一些问题。

Concerning the assumption that critique of religion served as the requisite of Marx's thought and the debate whether Marx's critique was derived from Feuerbach or from Bruno Bauer,this essay interprets the first part of the Introduction to The Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Law from three aspects:(1) a summary of Feuerbach's critique of religion,(2) a summary of Bauer's critique of theology,and more importantly,(3) a critical assessment of both.It became clearer in Marx's later works that the critique of German ideology as represented by critiques of religion and theology lays the foundation for his materialist historicism.On this basis,Marx and Engels sketched further an outline for a scientific study of religion,which is summarized in this easy on 4 topics;origin of religions,method of comparative religions,re-evaluation of Christianity and theoretical and practical limits of atheism.