宋代书院发展的背景及其特性

Background and characteristics of the academy's development in Song Dynasty

书院作为一种相对独立的教育组织,始于唐,成于宋。宋代书院的发展和兴盛有着深刻的历史背景。经济关系的改善、生产效率的提高、政治层面上的支持以及文化发展的推动都在一定程度上促成了书院的兴盛。宋代书院不同于当时的官学和一般的私塾,其选址的超然避世、办学经费的相对独立和学术交流的自由自主使它获得了千余年的持续发展,在中国教育文化史上占据了重要的地位。

The academy as an independent educational organization, began in Tang Dynasty, and developed in Song Dynasty. Its prosperity has a profound historical background. The improvement of the economic relationship, the enhancement of the production, the political support and the promotion of the cultural development, all these had contributed to the rise of the academy. The academy in Song Dynasty was different from the official or private schools of that time. The unique location, the independent funding and the freedom of the academic communication guaranteed its sustainable development for more than a thousand years, and brought it an important position in the history of Chinese education and culture.