反讽张力与小说审美空间的拓展

The Irony Tension and the Expansion of Aesthetic Space in Fiction

反讽要求在表象与真相之间维持必要的张力,往往能有效拓宽作品的审美空间。小说叙述中的反讽,既要以事实表象欺骗人,又要暗示出事实真相,这常常是通过"正话反说"或"反话正说"的叙述话语促成的;小说的命运反讽主题,常将消极低落的结局与积极高扬的过程矛盾交融,这往往是通过提前预示低落结局的情节建构实现的;小说的总体反讽视角,关键在于移情卷入与超然反观的矛盾统一,这常常是依靠预示或发现真相以及对比性的视角并置形成的。中国当代文坛匮乏这样张力充盈的反讽,多属言语层面的话语反讽,而且常常是浅白直露的讥讽。

Irony requires maintaining the necessary tension between the appearance and the truth, and can of- ten effectively broaden the aesthetic space. The narrative irony tries both to deceive people with the appearance and to suggest the truth. The theme of fate irony often makes the integration of negative ending with the positive process. The overall irony perspective of fictions lies in the unification of contradictions between emphatic involvement and transcendental irony. All of them can effectively expand the aesthetic tension space.