论“体知”视域下中国古代的躯体化现象

Somatization Phenomenon from the Perspective of “Body Knowing”

体知是中国人传统的认知方式,它建立在一个天人合一、内外相通的身体观基础上,强调将认知和身体的直接体验融为一体,又着重认知的关系性和实践性。体知对国人高躯体化有着重大的影响,中国人在求诊过程中经常诉说身体不适,实际上就是体知在求医问药中的实际运用。首先,体知的直接性促使患者在描述病情时直接诉说躯体症状,而不是确定了相关解剖学的病变才报告;而且在传统身体观体系中,身体症状不需要对应相关的生理病变。其次,体知的关系性使得医患都认识到可以通过身体不适发现身、心、气这三个方面出现的问题。最后,体知的实践性是中国人高躯体化的必然结果,通过报告身体症状可以表达与身体相关的意义。归根结底,中国人高躯体化的现象实际上是西方文化的意识哲学思维对中国传统身体表达的理解谬误。

Body knowing is the traditional Chinese way of cognition, which is built on the basis of harmony, and integration of the inside and outside of the body and emphasizes the relations and practice of cognition. Body knowing has a significant impact on Chinese high somatization because Chinese people often complain about body discomfort in the process of the clinic visits, which is in fact embodied in the practical application of body knowoing. First of all, the direct force of body knowing makes the patient complain about somatic symptoms directly, rather than report after having identified the relevant anatomy of the lesions. Second, the relationship of body knowing makes doctors realize that body pain can be found by physical discomfort in the body, mind and breath. Finally, practice of body knowing is the inevitable result of Chinese higher somatization. In a word, the Chinese high somatization phenomenon is, in fact, the understanding of Chinese through the philosophical thinking of western culture.