中国服务业改革对制造业微观生产效率的影响测度及异质性考察——基于服务中间投入的视角

The Empirical Research on the Impact and its Heterogeneity of Service Sector Reform on Chinese Manufacturing Firms' Productivity:From the Perspective of Intermediate Service Input

从"服务中间投入"视角出发,本文对中国几个典型的垄断性服务部门改革(铁路、航空、电信和金融)对制造业企业劳动生产率的影响及其异质性展开经验研究。结果显示:除铁路之外,航空、电信和金融部门改革均能显著提升制造业企业的生产效率;航空、电信、金融部门改革对资本、技术密集型制造业企业生产效率的提升作用相对更大;航空、电信部门改革更有利于外资制造业企业提升其生产效率,但源于金融改革的效率红利更容易被内资制造业企业所获取。基于上述结论,本文认为从服务业和制造业互动视角,中国有必要在生产性服务部门继续推进"打破垄断、放松管制、促进竞争"的市场化改革。为更充分获取源于服务改革的效率红利,中国劳动密集型制造业企业需在中间投入中增加生产性服务要素所占比率。与外资企业比较而言,内资制造业企业有必要提升技术水平和加强产业转型升级,以便从航空、电信服务部门改革中受益更多。

The paper attempted to analyze the impact and its heterogeneity of service reform on manufacturing firms＇ productivity of China from the perspective of intermediate service input. The research results indicated： except rail transport, air transport,telecommunication and financial service sector reform can enhance the micro - manufacturing productivity significantly; air transport.telecommunication, financial services sector reform can enhance the productivity of the capital and technology intensive manufacturing firms highly; Air transport, telecommunication sector reform can enhance the productivity of the foreign manufacturing firms more obviously while the efficiency bonus due to the financial sector reform is more likely to be acquired by the domestic manufacturing firm. Based on the above findings, this paper thought it is necessary for China to continue the service reform which focused on ＂breaking the monopoly, deregulation and promoting competition＂. The labor - intensive manufacturing firms need to increase the ratio of the productive service input in the productive process in order to obtain the efficiency bonus coming from the service reform. Domestic manufacturing firms need to upgrade the technological level and strengthening the industrial transformation to benefit more from the air transport and telecommunication service reform.