随州文峰塔M1、M2出土金属器的科学分析

Materials Characteristics of Metal Objects from Tomb M1 and M2 of Wenfengta Cemetery in Suizhou

本文利用金相显微镜、电子显微镜、能谱仪等仪器,对湖北随州文峰塔墓地M1、M2中部分金属器残件的显微组织和化学成分进行了较系统和全面的分析。结果表明:这批金属器的材质包括青铜(又分为铜锡合金和铜锡铅合金)、铅锡合金、金银合金等,钎焊材料的材质包括纯锡和铅锡合金;其制作工艺以铸造为主,另外还采用了热锻、退火、焊接、错红铜等技术。据此认为春秋战国之际曾国的金属技术已日趋成熟且呈现多样性,能够根据器物的使用需要,采用不同的合金配比和制作工艺。

The microstructures and chemical compositions of the metal artefacts uncovered from Tomb M1 and M2 of Wenfengta Cemetery in Suizhou, Hubei Province, were examined systematically and comprehensively with optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The results indicated two major points： 1） the metal artefacts contain several alloys such as Cu-Sn alloy, Cu-Sn-Pb alloy, Sn-Pb alloy and Au-Ag alloy, while the solders utili- zed for bronze composed of pure Sn and Pb-Sn alloy; 2） casting is the main method of production, but heat forging, annealing, soldering and copper inlay were also utilized for the vessel＇s completion. It was recognized that the metal technology in Zeng state had been highly developed during the interregnum between the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period. This indicates their knowledge on metallergy in applications and functions of the alloys, while executing their masterpiece skillfully using and the various processes.