传统叙事模式的超越——论20世纪西方经典现代主义小说中时间模式的变革

Beyond the Traditional Narrative Mode——On the Transformation of Time Pattern in the 20^(th) Century Western Modernist Classics

传统小说通常以"过去—现在—将来"的物理时间为叙事模式来艺术地展现客观世界。"物理时间"的特征表现为"线性的,排列均匀的且不可逆转的"。进入20世纪以来,现代的文学与此前五百年的传统彻底决裂,作为小说背景要素之一的"时间"概念也逐步摆脱了其"线性的、排列均匀的且不可逆转的"内涵束缚,逐步由背景化的坐标功能前景化为"心理时间"甚至成为小说要表达的主题。时间模式的变革有其深刻的哲学渊源和影响深远的艺术价值,通过对"心理时间"等非"物理时间"在纵深方面的发掘和应用,西方经典现代主义小说作品以其无可比拟的丰富内涵实现了对传统小说叙事模式的超越。

In the traditional novels, the objective world is revealed artistically in the narrative mode of ＂past- present-future＂ pattern based on the physical time. The feature of physical time is ＂ one-dimensional, well- proportioned, and irreversible. ＂ In the 20th century, with the total departure of modernist literature from the traditional one, the concept of ＂ time＂ evolves from the formerly background element to the foreground ＂psychological time,＂ even to the theme of the novel. The transformation of time pattern is originated from Bergsen＇ s philosophy, and its artistic influence is profound and everlasting. With the exploration and application of ＂psychological time＂ as well as with other non-＂ physical times,＂ the western modernist classics surpass the traditional narrative mode with unparalleled enriched connotations.