明清时期北京丫髻山的进香研究

The Peking Pilgrimage to Ya-ji Shan during the Ming and Qing Dynasty

晚明以降,丫髻山逐渐成为北京地区娘娘崇拜的一个朝圣中心。自清康乾年间,它在北京市民的宗教生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色,并最终被纳入"五顶二山"的宇宙观和进香回路之中。清嘉庆年间至咸丰年间,丫髻山香火逐渐式微。直至清同治年间,伴随着京东各县地方势力之崛起,丫髻山的香火再度繁盛,并被逐渐纳入四大门的信仰框架之中。一部丫髻山的进香史,便是明清两代京畿地区社会变迁的缩影。笔者认为,仅将朝顶进香视作民俗宗教的研究领域并不足以展现中国宗教史的丰富内涵,它构成了帝制晚期中国人公共生活的一种重要形式,代表着社会各阶层共同享有的宗教现象。

Since the period of late Ming dynasty, Ya-ji Shan had gradually become a pilgrimage centre of the cult of pi-hsia yuan-chun. The history of Ya-ji Shan pilgrimage should be perceived as the epitome of the social change of the capital city and its environs during Ming and Qing Dynasty. The author argues that pilgrimage （jinxiang） should not be simply categorized as the range of Chinese history of religion we study. In fact, the exclusive area of popular religion, which limits as a significant form of public life in late imperial China, the pilgrimage embodied the shared religious value of all different social strata.