排球运动员急停起跳动作中跖趾关节的生物力学分析

Biomechanical analysis of metatarsophalangeal joint in movement of scram and jumping for the volleyball players

以20名女排队员急停起跳动作中的跖趾关节为研究对象,通过三维测力台、高速摄像机和肌电仪多机同步测试来收集运动员急停起跳中跖趾关节的运动学、动力学以及肌电数据。结果表明：1）排球运动员在急停起跳动作中,跖趾关节角度变化幅度在50°-60°之间时,运动员的起跳高度较高。建议排球运动员将急停起跳动作中的跖趾关节进行专项化训练,并采用50°-60°的跖趾关节角度变化幅度;2）排球运动员在急停起跳动作初采用足尖着地能够取得较好的起跳高度。建议排球运动员在训练及比赛中进行急停起跳动作初采用足尖着地;3）训练中,应利用跖趾关节力量训练器进行针对性训练,提高趾长伸肌、第三腓骨肌、拇长伸肌的力量值,提高跖趾关节的活化程度,进而提高运动员的起跳高度。

This research regarded metatarsophalangeal joint in Movement of Scram and Jumping as object of study for the volleyball players. This study collect the data of kinematics, dynamics and myoelectricity in Movement of Scram and Jumping by using the three dimensional measuring force platform, high- speed camera and electromyography. The results show that 1 ） When the angle of metatarsophalangeal joint change between 50°-60° in movement of scram and jumping, volleyball players can obtain a higher altitude. This article suggested that volleyball players will proceed the special training of metatarsophalangeal joint in Movement of Scram and Jumping, and adopt the rangeability between 50°-60°. 2） Volleyball players can obtain a higher altitude by using the way of toe drop at the beginning of movement of scram and jumping. This article suggested that volleyball players will use the way of toe drop at the beginning of movement of scram and jumping. 3 ） Volley- ball players should use the strength training equipment of metatarsophalangeal joint improve the strength of extensor digitorum longus, musculus fibularis tertius and m in training, and usculus extensor hallucis longus, and increase the activatory degree of metatarsophalangeal joint and the jumping altitude.