疑问语气副词“究竟”向名词“究竟”的去语法化

The Degrammaticalization of jiujing from an Interrogative Mood Adverb to a Noun

文章考察现代汉语中的"原委,真相"义名词"究竟"的历史形成,论证现代汉语中的"原委,真相"义名词"究竟"不可能来源于古汉语佛源名词"究竟"或古汉语"尽头"义"究竟"。因为佛源名词"究竟"仅限于佛教语域,其意义"最高境界/最高智慧、根本大法/要旨"与现代汉语名词"究竟"的词义相去较远;"尽头"义"究竟"在汉语史上用例极少。文章从语言表达的省力原则和明晰原则的互动以及"究竟"的"打算"义名词用法的出现角度,论证现代汉语"原委,真相"义名词"究竟"是从古汉语中处于疑问宾语从句句首的疑问语气副词"究竟"去语法化而来。运用该历时演变可以对现代汉语中的"原委,真相"义名词"究竟"仅用于宾语位置等句法特点作出合理解释。

The present paper explores the emergence of the noun jiujing（究竟） meaning ＂all the details, the truth＂ in Mandarin. It argues that it is impossible that the noun jiujing meaning ＂all the details, the truth＂ in Mandarin derived from the noun jiujing originating from Buddhism or the noun jiujing meaning ＂end＂ in classical Chinese. The reason is that the latter was only used in Buddhist articles, and the former＇s meaning ＂utmost stage/wisdom, essential law/purport＂ is far away from the meaning ＂all the details, the truth＂ of the noun jiujing in Mandarin; the latter was used very infre-quently. From the perspective of the interaction between the principle of Least Effort and the Principle of Clarity, and the usage of jiujing as a noun meaning ＂planning＂, this paper proves that the noun jiujing meaning ＂all the details, the truth＂ in Mandarin degrammatiealized from the interrogative mood adverb jiujing appearing in the beginning of a sentence in classical Chinese. Using the diachronic change, we can give a reasonable explanation for the syntactic features of the Mandarin noun jiujing meaning ＂all the details, the truth＂ which occurs only in the object slot.