认同与拥有——陕西关中方言的亲属领属及社会关系领属的格式语义

Identification versus Possession:Kinship Possessive Structure of the Guanzhong Dialect in Shaanxi Province

陕西关中方言亲属及社会关系领属结构的特点可以概括为:其基本格式或基本构成要素是"复数-并置",即领者(possessor)为人称代词复数形式,领者和属者(possessed)之间直接并置,无"的"等其他连接成分;其核心语义是"认同/依存",而非典型的"领有";随着血缘、亲疏、辈分高低的递减,可出现一些边缘化格式,例如带"的"、"(的)个"的格式,相对于基本格式,这种格式的语义要素中,"认同/依存"减弱,"拥有/支配"增强;只能有"认同/依存"语义的领属结构在句法上的依存性强,而可有"拥有/支配"语义的领属结构在句法上的独立性有所增强。

The kinship possessive structures in the Guanzhong dialect of Shaanxi Province are notably characterized by three features： 1） The possessor is either served by, or composed of, plural personal pronouns preceding and juxtaposing the head noun, e.g. ＂we mother＂, ＂they wife＂, etc. even when the possessor refers to only one person. This ＂plural-juxtaposition＂ strategy excludes the use of de or other connectors occurring between the possessor and possessed; 2） Semantically, it is characterized as conveying ＂identification and relation＂ rather than ＂possession and disposal＂ as displayed by a prototypical possessive construction; 3） Although all possessive constructions can be realized as ＂plural-juxtaposition＂, some marginal constructions with de or ge （Cl.）＂ as connectors are also permitted as alternatives when the degree of affinity, intimacy, and seniority is decreasing, with the semantic property of ＂identification and relation＂ lessening and that of ＂possession and disposal＂ increasing; 4） The possessive constructions that convey only ＂identification and relation＂ also show a stronger syntactic dependency than those also expressing ＂possession and disposal＂.