元初江南宋遗民书院及其文化特色

The Academy and its Cultural Characteristics of Jiangnan's Adherents of Song Dynasty in the Early Yuan

在元代书院发展史上,宋遗民书院是个特殊而重要的文化现象。重建或新建的江南宋遗民书院依然保存着宋代书院具有的讲学传道特征,由宋遗民主持的书院多专注于学术,其学术氛围比同一时期的其他书院相对要浓厚得多;江南宋遗民书院在官方统一教育之外独立办学,并不受元政府过多干预,不仅在创办书院时有较大的自由度,而且其内部管理也有更多的自主权;江南宋遗民书院不仅帮助宋遗民找到精神寄托,而且在一定程度上解除了宋遗民的生活困境;在宋遗民书院中,从书院的创建者,到延聘的执掌者和生徒也多认同遗民身份,师生之间有着相同的气节、趋同的价值取向,使江南宋遗民书院更富遗民文化的气质。宋遗民在书院中讲授程朱、精研理学,既缓和了民族矛盾,又为元代书院的发展创造了良好的环境。

In the history of the academy of Yuan dynasty, most of adherents of the Song dynasty to join academy was a special and important cultural phenomenon. These academies showed the following characteristics： inherited academic tradition from the Song dynasty, academically adhered to the learning tradition of Song Confucianists, institutionally persevered with independent schools, offered to help each other in life, and had congenial inclination in thinking among teachers and students.