论行政许可中保证金的设定问题

On the Issues of Establishing SecurityDeposit in Administrative Permission

保证金原本为民事担保的一种形式,现今被移用到行政法领域,行政相对人通过向行政机关提供一定数额的保证金担保自己履行行政法上的义务,这成为行政机关进行行政管理的一种新型手段。与民事担保不同,行政许可领域中相对人交纳保证金一般具有强制性,虽然不转移所有权,但转移占有,构成了对行政相对人所有权的限制,在设定上应适用法律保留原则。我国行政许可中保证金设定依据混乱,应该加强规范性文件清理工作,取消违法设定保证金的依据。

As a form of civil security, security deposit has been transferred into administrative law regime. Administrative counterpart assures to perform administrative obligation by providing a certain sum of security deposit to administrative organs, and this is a new method of administrative organs to perform duties. However, the basis of establishing security deposit in administrative permission is disordered. It is thus necessary to strengthen the work of cleaning normative documents and abolish the illegal basis of creating security deposit in practice.