章太炎对“公理”的批判及其“齐物”哲学

Zhang Taiyan's Critique of“Universal Principle”and His Philosophy of Equalization

晚清的社会精英和官僚们在当时极尽所能地为一种基于物化和科学理性的政治制度铺平意识形态及制度建设的前提,"公理"的概念正是这一宏大计划的一部分。而从独特的佛/道视角出发的章太炎则是当时少数几位能够对这一概念进行透彻的哲学批评的知识分子之一。章太炎对"公理"的批评是与他构想一种"齐"的世界的尝试相关的。我们可以将章太炎的"齐"视之为是一种对一个被在20世纪初的中国变得日益风行的抽象原则和势力所统治的世界的抵抗。在表述这个世界时,章太炎援引了传统思想,并试图将语言本身推到其极限,以表达一种能够逃逸出种种概念范畴的理想形式。

Zhang formulated a critique of political institutions and ideologies from his unique Buddhist/Daoist perspective. Zhang, drawing on the Daoist philosopher Zhuang Zi, gestured towards an alternative world of equalization （ qi） as difference. We can think of Zhang＇s“equalization” as his attempt to resist a world dominated by abstract principles and forces that were be-coming increasingly prevalent in the early twentieth-century China.