养老保障的劳动供给效应

The Effect of Old-age Security on Labor Supply

基于劳动参与模型和劳动供给模型,本文利用农村住户抽样调查数据探讨养老保障制度对劳动行为决策的影响。研究表明,养老保障制度存在明显的劳动供给效应,养老保险覆盖降低了劳动参与率和劳动供给时间,尤其对于农业劳动供给的影响更明显;养老保险待遇具有更强的收入效应,激励农村居民降低劳动供给,尽管养老保险待遇并不会大幅度降低农业劳动参与率,但农业劳动供给水平将会显著下降。不同类型养老保险制度的劳动供给效应存在差异,新农保制度更倾向于将农村居民留在农业农村,城镇职工养老保险和农民工综合保险倾向于激励他们转移到城镇从事非农就业,失地农民养老保险则鼓励他们直接退出劳动力市场。社会保障制度正在加速劳动力市场转变,需要构建与中国劳动力市场和经济发展相适应的社会保障体系。

Based on labor participation model and labor supply model, this paper investigates the effects of old-age security on labor supply by using rural household survey. The results show that old-age security system has a remarkable effect of labor supply. Covering the old-age insurances tends to decrease labor participation rate and labor supply level, especially for agriculture labor supply. The pension has a rather prominent income effect, which stimulate rural residents to reduce labor supply. Although pension doesn＇t decrease agricultural labor participation rate, may reduce agricultural labor supply level. Various types of old-age security system have different effects of labor supply. The New Rural Pension tends to encourage rural residents stay in agriculture and rural, but the Urban Employee Pension and the Migrant Workers Comprehensive Pension tend to motivate them move to urban and engage in non-farm employment, and the Landless Farmer Pension tends to them quit from the labor market. Social security system is accelerating change of the labor market, we should seek to a social security system adapting with current labor market and economic development in China.