农民工与城镇职工的工资差距及动态同化

The Economic Disadvantage and Assimilation of Rural Migrants in China

本文从动态同化(assimilation)的新视角,研究了农民工与城镇职工的工资差距。文章针对该问题特有的数据结构,构建了一种新的非线性工具变量回归方法,对移民工资同化研究中固有的内生性问题进行了纠正。实证结果显示,农民工在城镇每多待一年,其相对工资将增加1.4%。这表明不同初始工资的农民工需要经过10—58年后才能达到与城镇职工同等的工资水平。高学历不会显著增加农民工的工资同化速度,只是增加了其初始工资水平,培训和社会关系对农民工的工资同化速度有显著影响。本文的研究结论表明,农民工不仅初始相对工资低,而且工资同化速度慢,因而在城镇劳动力市场上将长期处于劣势地位。这反映出改善农民工务工环境、消除工资歧视的迫切性。同时,本文也揭示了增加社会培训在农民工中的覆盖范围和加强农民工就业指导服务将对"农民市民化"的进程有极大的促进作用。

From the perspective of dynamic economic assimilation, this paper studies the wage gap between rural migrants and urban workers in China. We developed a new nonlinear instrumental variable regression method, which fully accounted for the specific data structure, to correct the inherent endogeneity problem in the migrant assimilation issue. The empirical results show that rural migrants＇ relative earnings rise by 0.8% per year following migration, which means migrants＇ wage will finally catch up with urban workers in 10--58 years. Education increases the initial wage of migrant but does not accelerate the assimilation process. Both training and social network have a positive effect on the assimilation rate. Our results indicate that rural migrants not only suffer from a low initial wage, but also have a relatively low assimilation rate, which results in a long-term disadvantage in the urban labor market. Our findings suggest that social training and public employment guidance service for rural migrants is critical to urbanization.