基于模块化演进的产权理论

A Property Right Research under the Context of Evolution of Modularization

随着企业组织架构的主流范式逐渐从一体化转向模块化,传统基于剩余索取权的产权激励理论对于新情境的解释力也在逐渐减弱。为了构筑符合新情境分析需要的产权理论,本文对组织从一体化向模块化演进中的组织治理过程进行了考察,并归纳出了企业产权随组织架构演进而演进的内在规律。从动态的视角看,剩余索取权只是企业产权演化的起点,而进入权则是企业产权演化的极致,伴随着组织演化的深入,剩余索取权会相应地向进入权的方向演化。组织从一体化向模块化演化的过程,会经历一个"准模块化"的中间阶段,在这个阶段中,模块的定义已经明晰,但是界面规则还未确定。在准模块化的状态下,应该采用虚拟产权来治理。虚拟产权的授予虽然不能保证代理人的投入与回报完全匹配,但是还是可以通过监督和分成等治理手段的结合实现高于剩余索取权的团队激励效果。此外,本文发现产权的有效运作依赖于产权界定模式和治理模式的匹配,如果用契约设计来界定产权就要匹配监督的治理模式,而用架构设计来界定产权就应该匹配授权的治理模式。

As knowledge economy is gradually substituting industrial economy to be a dominant paradigm, the traditional firm property right incentive theory which is based on residual claim is losing its explanatory power in the new context. In order to build a new firm property right theory to meet the need of analysis in this new context, we studied the organization evolution process from integrated architecture to modularized architecture, and induced the law of property right evolves as organization evolves. From the perspective of dynamics, collective residual claim is just the beginning of firm property right evolution, while access is the end of it. Collective residual claim is to develop towards access, as organization evolves. During the process of modularization, there is an intermediate state, quasi-modularization. In this state, the definition of module has been settled but the rule of interface hasn＇t been finished. Moreover,virtual property is the proper governance mode in this state. Although the empowerment of virtual property right can＇t ensure the perfect matching between the input and return of the agent, it still able to bring considerable incentive effect through variety of mechanisms such as supervision and commission. Beside, this research has also revealed that the effective running of property right depends on the fitting of definition mode and governance mode. Once contract design is used to define property right, then supervision should be used as the matching governance mode. Otherwise, if architectural design is used to define property right, empowerment is the matching governance mode.