民主集中制的共和型民主模式与党内治理现代化

The Republic Democracy Model of Democratic Centralism and CCP's Governance Modernization

民主集中制发展史上,经典作家和马克思主义政党围绕"如何民主地集中"这一核心问题,进行了长期的理论探索和实践摸索,形成了三种主要模式。不同模式下,党内权力的实际行使主体有所不同,党内权力运行的制度化水平存在明显差异,对党的制度建设的影响和作用亦各不相同。共和型民主模式主张党代会应成为党内权力的实际行使主体和党内治理体系的基础性平台,主张党内权力应制度化运行,符合经典作家党建思想与党建实践的内在精神和现代治理的根本宗旨,有利于提升基层党组织和广大党员的治理主体地位,有利于推进党内治理体系和治理能力现代化,有利于建设学习型、服务型、创新型马克思主义现代执政党,因而应成为推进中共党内治理现代化的理想目标模式。通过对民主集中制进行类型学分析,可以在很大程度上澄清和化解一些民主集中制研究领域长期存在的误解、困惑和分歧,为中共党内治理现代化研究以及中国国家治理现代化研究提供有用的概念工具。

Along its historical development, classic writers and Marxist parties have long been theoretically and practically attempting to address the central issue of democratic centralism, namely, how to centralize democratically. We classify three models of democratic centralism, according to its notion, institution and operation of the governance within the party. Among these models, the republic democracy model maintains that the party＇s national congress should be the foundational governance platform and its operation should be institutionalized. We argue that the republic democracy model should be the ideal model for the modernization of CCP＇s governance system and governance capability, because it spiritually follows the basic idea of classic writers and the main principle of modern governance, thus enables millions of grass root units and party members to participate in the governance process effectively. We also believe, the typological analysis presented in this paper, to a great extent, will clarify, resolve and settle the misconceptions, puzzles and disputes which perplexed democratic centralism study for years.