从《古今谭概》的成书看“大小传统”的互补关系

Viewing the Complementary Relationship between the Great and the Little Tradition from Gu Jin Tan Gai

明代学者兼民间文艺家冯梦龙是一位"穿行"于大、小传统之间的人物。其《古今谭概》是一部具有"美刺"内容的著作,并未脱离"大传统"固有的"美刺"风尚,有与"大传统"相一致之处。同时,对于具有不良因素的"大传统"的一些衍生物,又有着自身的观察角度,其思想意识不背离民间立场,也不背离读书人的良知。此乃《古今谭概》最是耐人寻味之处。就书中文体类型来看,虽有摘录体、笑话体、实录体之别,但其共通之处是各有不同程度的"笑点",各有一定的故事性,各有渠道不一的资料来源,这些因素"复合"在一起,构成了颇合"街谈巷议"传统的话语体系,书里的文字因而颇具"小说意味"。冯梦龙作为一位十分熟悉小说文体的民间文艺家,运用其对通俗文学的丰富学养,将"古今"的故事"碎片"做了有"意味"的整合,成此别具一格的《古今谈概》,体现了大、小传统的互补关系。

In Ming Dynasty,the scholar and folk literature author Feng Menglong published a book called Gu Jin Tan Gai,which was a folk story collection with satire to the society. For its content was‘gentle irony'that did not separate from the great tradition,this book had similarities with the great tradition. Feng Menglong had his own observation to some bad derivatives of the great tradition,his thinking did not deviate from the folk standpoint and the intellectuals' conscience,and this was the most intriguing place in Gu Jin Tan Gai. In every form of text in the book,there were different kinds of jokes with certain plots from different sources of information,and when these factors mixed together,it constituted a language system conformed to the‘street gossip'tradition. As a folklore writer familiar with folk tales style,Feng Menglong used his knowledge to give fragmented stories a meaningful integration.Therefore,Gu Jin Tan Gai reflected a complementary relationship between the great and the little tradition.