“道德共识”困境的现代性及其消解

Predicament of Modernity of Moral Consensus and its Deconstruction

"道德共识"困境是全球化过程中道德领域的"多"对"一"的消解。现代性是引发全球化时代"道德共识"困境的内在诱因,而全球化时代出现的个体权利的膨胀、价值观多元化思潮、文化相对主义以及大众文化构成了"道德共识"困境的外在助因。"道德共识"困境往往表现为3种形式:道德个人主义、道德相对主义和道德虚无主义。在全球化时代,"道德共识"困境的存在直接关乎着道德主体的道德选择、道德生活的范导以及道德教育的路径依赖。全球化不仅仅是一个简单的描述性的动态过程,也是一个内含复杂战略图谋、利益立场、需要主体能动参与并进行话语争夺和"共识构建"的开放结构。"道德共识"困境消解与"道德共识"构建是同构的。全球化时代破解"道德共识"困境,应秉持"平等主体的对话"和"辨证互动中的矫正"两个基本理念。

The predicament of moral consensus means the interactive process between pluralism and monism in the context of globalization. Modernization is the internal incentive of the predicament of moral consensus while the external factors mainly lie in the extension of individual rights,diverse ethnic values,cultural relativism and mass culture in the era of globalization. Moral individualism,moral relativism and moral nihilism reflect the types of the predicament of moral consensus. Nowadays, such predicament is closely related with the moral choice of moral subject,the guidance of moral life and the way of moral education. Globalization is not only a simple and descriptive dynamic process but also an open structure which means some complicated strategic schemes,interests and position,active participation of moral subjects, power discourse struggle and consensus construction. Therefore,going out of the predicament of moral consensus and constructing moral consensus are isomorphic processes. To go out of the predicament of moral consensus,it is important to follow two ideas: the equal dialogue among subjects and the correction in dialectic interaction.