论对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的理解与立法应对

Misunderstanding of Mentally ill Persons' Rights of Refusing Treatment and Legal Countermeasures

精神障碍者的拒绝治疗权是弱者人权保障与自我决定权在《精神卫生法》中的贯彻,是精神卫生立法的核心问题之一。其兼具必要性和复杂性,因而在理论与实践中经常遭到曲解,如视精神科医生的医学判断为法律判决、将强制住院等同于拒绝治疗权的丧失、将限制拒绝治疗权适用的紧急情形扩大为一般性危险。由此导致对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的否定和对人类尊严的蔑视,形成了贬低人格的家长主义。因此,学界需要对认识误区进行深度剖析并提出相应的对策,以期为完善我国的精神卫生立法提供建议。

Mentally ill persons' rights of refusing treatment reflect the application of protecting human rights for the weak and rights for self-determination in Mental Health Act.It is the core issue of mental health legislation,which has both necessity and complexity. So misunderstanding is evitable in theory and practice. For instance,psychiatrists' medical verdict is regarded as legal judgment; involuntary admission is equal to the loss of rights of refusing treatment and emergency circumstances which limits the use of rights of refusing treatment is deemed to be the general danger.Such misunderstanding leads to the brutal denial of mentally ill persons' rights of refusing treatment and the extreme contempt of human dignity and then results in paternalism which degrades human personality. Therefore, it is necessary for academic circles to deeply analyze the above misunderstanding and propose corresponding countermeasures to provide suggestion for Chinese mental health legislation.