“合理使用”的性质:著作权的例外还是合理使用权

Nature of Fair Use: Exception of Copyright or Fair Use Right

"合理使用"作为著作权的例外的制度设计能够保障社会公众对他人作品的合理使用利益,不需要依据泛权利化的逻辑将其规定为"合理使用权";作为法益的合理使用并不具有权利化的构成要素和必要性。环境利益的保护历史表明,要想真正实现著作权法对作品创作者、传播者和社会公众作为使用者三方利益的有机平衡保护,切实有效的方法是通过在立法和司法过程中以制度化的方式体现和保障作为相对弱势群体的社会公众利益表达的组织载体与话语权,而不是执着于权利化。

The existing system which designing fair use as the exception of copyright can protect the legal interest of public using copyrighted works. It is unnecessary to regulate fair use right generally. As legal interest, fair use does not have the elements and necessity of right. The history of environmental protection shows that the best way to balance the benefit among authors, communicators and public is to Institutionally reflect and protect the organization and expression of public as relative vulnerable group, but not mesmerized in right generalization.