不同年龄人群锻炼行为改变的调节变量探究——基于对HAPA与TPB整合模型的测评

Analysis of Regulating Variables in the Changes of Different People's Exercises—Based on the Test of the Integrated Model of HAPTA and TPB

为提高人们对健康锻炼行为的预测和干预效果,基于健康行动过程取向(HAPA)与计划行为理论(TPB)整合模型为测评基础,通过对中国城市青少年(n=152名)、大学生(n=204名)及城市健康成年人(n=97名)不同年龄段群体(后称不同群体)进行问卷调查与数据分析。结果表明,1)HAPA与TPB整合模型更适合对健康成年人锻炼行为的预测与干预,理论模型更接近真阶段模型(非连续性模式百分比分别为35%),而大学生和青少年群体显得偏低;2)行为意向、行为计划和锻炼行为之间的作用路径因群体的不同而不同,中国健康成年人群体中三者的路径系数呈显著性(Y行为意向与行为计划=0.47,P<0.05;Y行为计划与锻炼行为=0.48,P<0.05),而大学生和青少年群体则表现不一;3)行为意向的前因变量在不同群体中表现极不一致,在青少年和大学生群体中存在对锻炼行为的显著直接路径,而非以往认为的间接路径。同时,研究证实,父亲的锻炼行为对青少年群体有着更为显著的作用路径(β=0.47,P<0.05)。该整合模型更适合对中国成年人健康锻炼行为的阶段干预和预测,对青少年群体和大学生群体的干预和预测仅得到部分支持,许多前因变量存在对锻炼行为显著的直接路径(如社会支持,主观规范等),而未能呈现阶段性特征,根据不同年龄群体的变量特点进行干预策略实施才能更加提高干预的效果。

Based on the integrated model of HAPA and TPB as well as on questionnaire and data analysis,this paper tries to make a study of the city young adults（n=152）,college students（n=204）and healthy city adults（n=97）in China,aiming at promoting the prediction and the effect of interference on their exercises.The result shows that 1）the integrated model of HAPA and TPB caters more to the prediction and interference of healthy adults＇ exercises,with the theoretical model closer to the practical model（with 35% of the non-successive model respectively）,while college students and young adults take a lower percentage.2）The interactions among action intention,action plan and exercises vary in accordance to the different groups of people.The route coefficient of the three factors among Chinese healthy adults is conspicuous（Y=0.47,P〈0.05;Y=0.48,P〈0.05）,while college students and young adults show a rather different state.3）The cause variables of action intention vary greatly among different groups of people,with young adults and college students showing more direct route rather than indirect route in terms of exercises.At the same time,the study shows that his father＇s exercises produce a more conspicuous impact on the young adult（β=0.47,P〈0.05）.The study reaches the conclusion that this model suits better the interference and prediction of the different stages of exercises on the part of Chinese healthy adults;it fits only a small part of the interference and prediction of young adults and college students,and many cause variables prepare more conspicuously direct routes（such as social support,subjective regulation,etc.）rather than features of a phase.It asserts that the interference strategies should be implemented according to the features of different variables among the different groups of people so that a better effect can be achieved.