不同项目运动员的动脉适应性变化

Vascular Adaptation in Athletes of Different Events

目的:通过对不同项目的运动员心血管系统各项指标的检测,了解动脉结构与功能对运动产生的适应性变化。方法:以北京体育大学60名男性大学生作为研究对象,运动组包括网球(单侧上肢用力型)运动员17名、足球(单侧下肢用力型)运动员14名、游泳(非单侧肢体用力型)运动员13名,对照组为无运动专项普通大学生16名。受试者身高、体重、握力和身体成分等基本测试完成后,采用日本产OMRON BP-203RPEⅢ测试仪对受试者脉搏波传导速度(PWV)与肱踝指数(ABI)进行测定,以美国GE公司生产的VIVID 7彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对受试者动脉各项指标进行测试。结果:1)网球运动员两侧颈总动脉、肱动脉经管腔面积校正内中膜厚度(IMT-to-lumen)小于普通组(P<0.05);两侧肱动脉横截面积均大于普通组且优势上肢大于非优势上肢(P<0.05)。2)足球运动员两侧颈总动脉、肱动脉、桡动脉和股动脉IMT-to-lumen均小于普通组(P<0.05);两侧股动脉横截面积均大于普通组且优势下肢大于非优势下肢(P<0.05)。3)游泳运动员两侧颈总动脉、肱动脉、桡动脉和股动脉IMT-to-lumen均小于普通组(P<0.05),两侧股动脉横截面积大于普通组(P<0.05),未见两侧肢体间的差异。4)运动组和对照组的脉搏波传导速度和踝臂血压指数未见显著性差异。结论:运动员可能存在壁厚下降、管腔面积增大的"运动员动脉",前者是全身性变化,后者是局部变化,这与"运动员心脏"类似,是心血管系统对运动的良好适应。

Objective：＂Athlete＇s heart＂is now generally accepted,but the question of whether athletes exhibit characteristic vascular adaptations has not been specifically addressed.This research tested three different project athletes vascular system to understand the adaptation of artery structure and function to exercise.Methods：A total of 60 male participants from Beijing Sport University were included in the study.The endurance-trained athletes comprised 17 tennis players,13 swimmers and 14 football players.The control group consisted of 16 physically inactive students.The test of pulse wave velocity（PWV）and brachial ankle index（ABI）were determined by the PWV tester（OMRON BP-203 RPE Ⅲ）.The ultrasound examination of arterial was performed with a high-resolution ultrasound scanner（model VIVID 7,GE）.Result：1）Measures IMT-to-lumen of common carotid artery and brachial artery in tennis players were thinner relative to controls（P〈0.05）.The cross-sectional area of brachial artery was greater than control group and the predominant upper limb is greater than the opposite side.（P〈0.05）.2）Measures IMT-to-lumen of all arteries in football players were thinner relative to controls（P〈0.05）.The cross-sectional area of femoral artery was greater than control group and the predominant lower limb is greater than the opposite side.（P〈0.05）.3）Measures IMT-to-lumen of all arteries in swimmers were thinner relative to controls（P〈0.05）.The cross-sectional area of brachial arteries and femoral arteries were greater than control group.（P〈0.05）.4）All indexes of PWV and ABI in exercise group and control group have no significant difference.Conclusion：The study suggests that＂athlete＇s artery＂has a systemic decreased wall thickness and a localized increased lumen area.Just as there is ＂athlete＇s heart＂,these structural changes of artery are adaptations to the impact of exercise training.